| bilabial | labiodental | linguolabial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular | pharyngeal | glottal | |
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| plosive |
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| sibilant affricate |
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| non-sibilant affricate |
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| sibilant fricative |
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| non-sibilant fricative |
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| approximant |
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| trill |
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| lateral affricate |
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| lateral fricative |
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| lateral approximant |
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| lateral tap/flap |
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Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
| Clicks | Voiced implosives | Ejectives | |||
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Bilabial |
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Bilabial | ʼ | Examples: |
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Dental |
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Dental/alveolar |
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Bilabal |
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Post-alveolar |
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Palatal |
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Dental/alveolar |
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Palato-alveolar |
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Velar |
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Velar |
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Alveolar lateral |
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Uvular |
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Alveolar fricative |
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
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Voiceless labial-velar fricative |
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Alveolo-palatal fricatives |
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Voiced labial-velar approximant |
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Alveolar lateral flap | |
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Voiced labial-palatal approximant |
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Simultaneous
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Voiceless epiglottal fricative |
◌͡◌ ◌͜◌ Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary. |
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| Voiced epiglottal fricative | ||||
| Epiglottal plosive | ||||
Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊
| Level | Contour | |||||||||
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or | ˥ | Extra high |
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or | ˩˥ | Rising | |||
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˦ | High |
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˥˩ | Falling | |||||
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˧ | Mid |
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˦˥ | High rising | |||||
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˨ | Low |
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˩˨ | Low rising | |||||
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˩ | Extra low |
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˧˦˧ | Rising-falling | |||||
| ↓ | Downstep | ↗ | Global rise | |||||||
| ↑ | Upstep | ↘ | Global fall | |||||||
| ˈ | Primary stress | |
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| ˌ | Secondary stress | |
| ː | Long | |
| ˑ | Half-long | |
| ◌̆ | Extra short | |
| | | Minor (foot) group | |
| ‖ | Major (intonation) group | |
| . | Syllable break | |
| ‿ | Linking (absence of a break) | |