IPA Chart: Mongolian (Cyrillic) Phonemes
The International Phonetic Alphabet of Mongolian (Cyrillic)
Consonants (Pulmonic)
Most IPA symbols and examples play an audio example when clicked.
| bilabial | labiodental | linguolabial | dental | alveolar | postalveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular | pharyngeal | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nasal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
| plosive |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sibilant affricate |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
| non-sibilant affricate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| sibilant fricative |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
| non-sibilant fricative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| approximant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| tap/flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
| trill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
| lateral affricate |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
| lateral fricative |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
| lateral approximant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
| lateral tap/flap |
|
|
|
|
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)
| Clicks | Voiced implosives | Ejectives | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Bilabial |
|
Bilabial | ʼ | Examples: |
|
|
Dental |
|
Dental/alveolar |
|
Bilabal |
|
|
Post-alveolar |
|
Palatal |
|
Dental/alveolar |
|
|
Palato-alveolar |
|
Velar |
|
Velar |
|
|
Alveolar lateral |
|
Uvular |
|
Alveolar fricative |
Vowels
Front
Central
Back
Close
Close-mid
Open-mid
Open
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.
Other Symbols
|
|
Voiceless labial-velar fricative |
|
|
Alveolo-palatal fricatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Voiced labial-velar approximant |
|
Alveolar lateral flap | |
|
|
Voiced labial-palatal approximant |
|
Simultaneous
|
|
|
|
Voiceless epiglottal fricative |
Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.
◌͡◌
◌͜◌
|
||
| Voiced epiglottal fricative | ||||
| Epiglottal plosive | ||||
Diacritics
Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊
◌̥
Voiceless
◌̤
Breathy voiced
◌̪
Dental
◌̬
Voiced
◌̰
Creaky voiced
◌̺
Apical
○ʰ
Aspirated
◌̼
Linguolabial
◌̻
Laminal
◌̹
More rounded
○ʷ
Labalized
◌̃
Nasalized
◌̜
Less rounded
○ʲ
Palatalized
◌̚
No audible release
◌̟
Advanced
○ˠ
Velarized
○ˡ
Lateral release
◌̠
Retracted
○ˤ
Pharyngealized
○ⁿ
Nasal release
◌̈
Centralized
◌̴
Velarized or pharyngealized
○˭
Tenuis
◌̽
Mid-centralized
◌̝
Raised
◌̩
Syllabic
◌̞
Lowered
◌̯
Non-syllabic
◌̘
Advanced Tongue Root
○˞
Rhoticity
◌̙
Retracted Tongue Root
◌denotes a combining diacritic
○denotes a non-combining diacritic
Tones and Word Accents
| Level | Contour | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
or | ˥ | Extra high |
|
or | ˩˥ | Rising | |||
|
|
˦ | High |
|
˥˩ | Falling | |||||
|
|
˧ | Mid |
|
˦˥ | High rising | |||||
|
|
˨ | Low |
|
˩˨ | Low rising | |||||
|
|
˩ | Extra low |
|
˧˦˧ | Rising-falling | |||||
| ↓ | Downstep | ↗ | Global rise | |||||||
| ↑ | Upstep | ↘ | Global fall | |||||||
Suprasegmentals
ˈ
Primary stress
ˌ
Secondary stress
ː
Long
ˑ
Half-long
◌̆
Extra short
|
Minor (foot) group
‖
Major (intonation) group
.
Syllable break
‿
Linking (absence of a break)
Transcriptions
[ ]
Phonetic transcription
/ /
Phonemic transcription
{ }
Prosodic notation
( )
Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩
Sound obscured
Helpful Links