IPA Chart: Slovak Phonemes

The International Phonetic Alphabet of Slovak

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Consonants (Pulmonic)

Most IPA symbols and examples play an audio example when clicked.
bilabial labiodental linguolabial dental alveolar postalveolar retroflex palatal velar uvular pharyngeal glottal
nasal
 
   
   
plosive
   
 
 
sibilant affricate
non-sibilant affricate
   
   
 
sibilant fricative    
non-sibilant fricative
approximant  
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
     
tap/flap  
 
 
   
   
     
 
trill
     
   
   
lateral affricate        
   
   
lateral fricative        
   
   
lateral approximant      
 
 
 
lateral tap/flap        
   
 
 
   

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Consonants (Non-Pulmonic)

Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives
Bilabial
Bilabial ʼ Examples:
Dental
Dental/alveolar
Bilabal
Post-alveolar
Palatal
Dental/alveolar
Palato-alveolar
Velar
Velar
Alveolar lateral
Uvular
Alveolar fricative

Vowels

Front
Central
Back
Close
Close-mid
Open-mid
Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

Other Symbols

Voiceless labial-velar fricative
Alveolo-palatal fricatives
Voiced labial-velar approximant
Alveolar lateral flap
Voiced labial-palatal approximant
Simultaneous
and
Voiceless epiglottal fricative

Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.

   

◌͡◌
   
◌͜◌
Voiced epiglottal fricative
Epiglottal plosive

Diacritics

Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. ŋ̊

◌̥
Voiceless
◌̤
Breathy voiced
◌̪
Dental
◌̬
Voiced
◌̰
Creaky voiced
◌̺
Apical
ʰ
Aspirated
◌̼
Linguolabial
◌̻
Laminal
◌̹
More rounded
ʷ
Labalized
◌̃
Nasalized
◌̜
Less rounded
ʲ
Palatalized
◌̚
No audible release
◌̟
Advanced
ˠ
Velarized
ˡ
Lateral release
◌̠
Retracted
ˤ
Pharyngealized
Nasal release
◌̈
Centralized
◌̴
Velarized or pharyngealized
˭
Tenuis
◌̽
Mid-centralized
◌̝
Raised
◌̩
Syllabic
◌̞
Lowered
◌̯
Non-syllabic
◌̘
Advanced Tongue Root
˞
Rhoticity
◌̙
Retracted Tongue Root
denotes a combining diacritic
denotes a non-combining diacritic

Tones and Word Accents

Level Contour
or ˥ Extra high
or ˩˥ Rising
˦ High
˥˩ Falling
˧ Mid
˦˥ High rising
˨ Low
˩˨ Low rising
˩ Extra low
˧˦˧ Rising-falling
Downstep Global rise
Upstep Global fall

Suprasegmentals

ˈ
Primary stress
ˌ
Secondary stress
ː
Long
ˑ
Half-long
◌̆
Extra short
|
Minor (foot) group
Major (intonation) group
.
Syllable break
Linking (absence of a break)

Transcriptions

[ ]
Phonetic transcription
/ /
Phonemic transcription
{ }
Prosodic notation
( )
Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩
Sound obscured

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